Journal: Pharmaceutical Research

Article Title: Practical Advice on Scientific Design of Freeze-Drying Process: 2023 Update

doi: 10.1007/s11095-023-03607-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Minimum controllable pressure Pmin as a function of normalized (to total shelf area) sublimation rate for laboratory freeze-dryer Lyostar II (0.43 m 2 ), pilot dryer Lyomax 6 (5.85 m 2 ), and commercial-scale freeze-dryer Lyomax 42(41.85 m 2 ).

Article Snippet: An example of P min as a function of sublimation rate for different freeze-dryers is shown in Fig. . Fig. 6 Minimum controllable pressure Pmin as a function of normalized (to total shelf area) sublimation rate for laboratory freeze-dryer Lyostar II (0.43 m 2 ), pilot dryer Lyomax 6 (5.85 m 2 ), and commercial-scale freeze-dryer Lyomax 42(41.85 m 2 ).

Techniques: Sublimation

Journal: Pharmaceutical Research

Article Title: Practical Advice on Scientific Design of Freeze-Drying Process: 2023 Update

doi: 10.1007/s11095-023-03607-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Top: Product dry layer resistance, R p , as measured by MTM in model solutions. Graph is prepared from data reported in , and the R p data are from . Middle: A snapshot of the video recording of the vials with 10% sucrose (left) and 10% lactose (right) during primary drying. The arrows show the sublimation front. Bottom: Graph is prepared from data reported in . Dry layer thickness was measured visually during freeze-drying of 6 mL of sucrose and lactose solutions. Redrawn from

Article Snippet: An example of P min as a function of sublimation rate for different freeze-dryers is shown in Fig. . Fig. 6 Minimum controllable pressure Pmin as a function of normalized (to total shelf area) sublimation rate for laboratory freeze-dryer Lyostar II (0.43 m 2 ), pilot dryer Lyomax 6 (5.85 m 2 ), and commercial-scale freeze-dryer Lyomax 42(41.85 m 2 ).

Techniques: Sublimation

Journal: Pharmaceutical Research

Article Title: Practical Advice on Scientific Design of Freeze-Drying Process: 2023 Update

doi: 10.1007/s11095-023-03607-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Process parameters for primary drying of 5% mannitol solution taken from the database. 10% edge effect (10% of edge vials received 50% more heat than center vials) was considered in calculations of the total sublimation rate for the fully loaded dryer (3shelvesx500 vials = 1500 of 2-mL vials)

Article Snippet: An example of P min as a function of sublimation rate for different freeze-dryers is shown in Fig. . Fig. 6 Minimum controllable pressure Pmin as a function of normalized (to total shelf area) sublimation rate for laboratory freeze-dryer Lyostar II (0.43 m 2 ), pilot dryer Lyomax 6 (5.85 m 2 ), and commercial-scale freeze-dryer Lyomax 42(41.85 m 2 ).

Techniques: Sublimation

Journal: Pharmaceutical Research

Article Title: Practical Advice on Scientific Design of Freeze-Drying Process: 2023 Update

doi: 10.1007/s11095-023-03607-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primary drying process parameters for case 2.1

Article Snippet: An example of P min as a function of sublimation rate for different freeze-dryers is shown in Fig. . Fig. 6 Minimum controllable pressure Pmin as a function of normalized (to total shelf area) sublimation rate for laboratory freeze-dryer Lyostar II (0.43 m 2 ), pilot dryer Lyomax 6 (5.85 m 2 ), and commercial-scale freeze-dryer Lyomax 42(41.85 m 2 ).

Techniques: Sublimation